Leaf rot in autumn is a natural process that occurs in many species of trees and shrubs and is caused by a drop in temperature and shortening of the day, which causes the withdrawal of nutrients from the leaves to the trunk and roots.
As a result of this process, the leaves lose chlorophyll, which gives them their green color. In its place, other pigments appear, such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the autumn colors of leaves.
Eventually, the leaves fall from trees and shrubs. They decompose on the soil, providing nutrients for plants and microorganisms.
As a result of the ongoing processes, in some places swamps are created, which are home to many species of plants and animals, including birds, fish, amphibians and mammals.
Wetlands are important for the environment, water quality and biodiversity, and help regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
Plants and microorganisms in swamps help purify water from pollutants. Groundwater flowing through swamps absorbs pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates and heavy metals.
Plants that grow in swamps, such as moss plants, shrubs and trees, die and decompose, creating peat, which is rich in nutrients.
